Conversions

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<div> <TABLE BORDER="5" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="572" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#FFCC00" BORDERCOLORDARK="#FFFFFF" FRAME="ABOVE" RULES="NONE" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="566"><div> <A HREF="index.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="The Student Nurse Forum"><U><B>Main Menu</b></U></A><B> / </b><A HREF="id146.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Study Aids"><U><B>Study Aids</b></U></A><B> / Conversions</b></div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <I><B> Study Aids:</b></I></div> <div> <I><B>  Conversions</b></I></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="5" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="571" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#0033CC" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="ABOVE" RULES="NONE" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="565"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="565" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="51" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="LEFT" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 59 WIDTH="49"><div> <B>B</b></div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> elow are some useful conversion factors to help you with your studies (especially helpful for the science classes!).</div> <bR> <bR> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <A HREF="#units_of_measurement" TITLE="Conversions"><U>Units of Measurement</U></A> | <A HREF="#metric___si_prefixes" TITLE="Conversions"><U>Metric & SI Prefixes</U></A> | <A HREF="#conversion_factors" TITLE="Conversions"><U>Conversion Factors</U></A></div> <bR> <div>  <A NAME="units_of_measurement"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="283" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFCC80 HEIGHT= 26 ><NOBR><div> <I><B>Units of Measurement</b></I></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <bR> <div> The metric system is used by scientists and health professionals worldwide.  A modified version of metric, called the International System of Units (SI) was adopted in 1960 to provide additional uniformity.  The table below notes common units of measurement in both metric and SI:</div> <bR> <div> <TABLE BORDER="5" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="576" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#FFCC80" BORDERCOLORDARK="#FFCC80" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT= 20 WIDTH="550"><div> <B>UNITS OF MEASUREMENT</b></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 20 WIDTH="178"><div> <B>Measurement</b></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="185"><div> <B>Metric</b></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="181"><div> <B>SI</b></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="178"><div> Length</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="185"><div> Meter (m)</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="181"><div> Meter (m)</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="178"><div> Volume</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="185"><div> Liter (L)</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> Cubic Meter (m<FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Bookshelf Symbol 1" >3</FONT>)</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="178"><div> Mass</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="185"><div> Gram (g)</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="181"><div> Kilogram (kg)</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="178"><div> Time</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="185"><div> Second (s)</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="181"><div> Second (s)</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="178"><div> Temperature</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="185"><div> Celsius (<FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Bookshelf Symbol 1" >0</FONT>C)</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="181"><div> Kelvin (K)</div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <bR> <div> Length, time and temperature are fairly self-explanatory.  Volume and mass need a little more clarification.  <B>Volume</b> measures the amount of space occupied by a substance. Think of volume as a fluid measurement, such as how much water is in a glass.  <B>Mass</b> is a measure of the quantity of material an object contains.  It may be helpful to think of mass as a measurement of weight, such as the weight of a patient. It should be noted, however, that mass is not the same as weight.  Weight is the measure of gravitational pull on an object.  In space, a man will weigh less than on earth but the man's mass will not change.  That is why scientists measure mass instead of weight - mass does not vary.  </div> <bR> <div> <B> <A NAME="metric___si_prefixes"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></b></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="283" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFCC80 HEIGHT= 26 ><NOBR><div> <I><B>Metric and SI Prefixes</b></I></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <bR> <div> In both metric and SI, a prefix can be attached to any unit to increase or decrease its size by some factor of 10.  For example, a <B>kilo</b>gram is equal to 1,000 grams; a <B>milli</b>gram is equal to one-thousandth of a gram.  The table below illustrates this unique feature:</div> <bR> <div> <TABLE BORDER="5" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="575" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#FFCC80" BORDERCOLORDARK="#FFCC80" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=5 HEIGHT= 20 WIDTH="541"><div> <B>METRIC AND SI PREFIXES</b></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 39 WIDTH="103"><bR> <div> <B>Prefix</b></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><bR> <div> <B>Symbol</b></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="131"><bR> <div> <B>Meaning</b></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><bR> <div> <B>Numerical Value</b></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> <B>Scientific</b></div> <div> <B>Notation</b></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=5 HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="541"><div> <I><B>Prefixes that increase the size of a unit</b></I></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="103"><div> mega</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="65"><div> M</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="131"><div> one million</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="152"><div> 1,000,000</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="78"><div> 10<FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Bookshelf Symbol 1" >6</FONT></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="103"><div> kilo</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="65"><div> k</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> one thousand</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="152"><div> 1,000</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="78"><div> 10<FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Bookshelf Symbol 1" >3</FONT></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=5 HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="541"><div> <I><B>Prefixes that decrease the size of a unit</b></I></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="103"><div> deci</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="65"><div> d</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="131"><div> one-tenth</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="152"><div> 0.1</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="78"><div> 10<FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Bookshelf Symbol 1" >-1</FONT></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="103"><div> centi</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="65"><div> c</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> one-hundredth</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="152"><div> 0.01</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="78"><div> 10<FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Bookshelf Symbol 1" >-2</FONT></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="103"><div> milli</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="65"><div> m</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> one-thousandth</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="152"><div> 0.001</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="78"><div> 10<FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Bookshelf Symbol 1" >-3</FONT></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 20 WIDTH="103"><div> micro</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="65"><div> m</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> one-millionth</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="152"><div> 0.000001</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="78"><div> 10<FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Bookshelf Symbol 1" >-6</FONT></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="103"><div> nano</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="65"><div> n</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="131"><div> one-billionth</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="152"><div> 0.000000001</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="78"><div> 10<FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Bookshelf Symbol 1" >-9</FONT></div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <bR> <div> <B> <A NAME="conversion_factors"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></b></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="283" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFCC80 HEIGHT= 26 WIDTH="277"><div> <I><B>Conversion Factors</b></I></div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <bR> <div> In the healthcare field, you will make changes in units everyday.  For example, you may need to convert someone's weight in pounds to their weight in kilograms to calculate a proper dosage for the patient's size.  Conversion factors are simple formulas that help you do this.  The first table below lists measurement equivalents.  The second table lists metric conversion factors and the third table lists metric-to-U.S. relationships and conversion factors.</div> <bR> <div> <TABLE BORDER="5" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="577" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#FFCC80" BORDERCOLORDARK="#FFCC80" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 HEIGHT= 20 WIDTH="555"><div> <B>MEASUREMENT EQUIVALENTS</b></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 75 WIDTH="112"><div> <B>Length</b></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="440"><div> 1 meter (m) = 100 centimeters (cm)</div> <div> 1 meter (m) = 1000 millimeters (mm)</div> <div> 1 meter (m) = 39.4 inches (in.)</div> <div> 1 inch (in.) = 2.54 centimeters (cm)</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 56 WIDTH="112"><div> <B>Volume</b></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> 1 liter (L) = 1000 milliliters (mL) = 1000 cm<FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Bookshelf Symbol 1" >3</FONT></div> <div> 1 liter (L) = 1.06 quarts (qt)</div> <div> 1 quart (qt) = 946 milliliters (mL)</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 56 WIDTH="112"><div> <B>Mass</b></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="440"><div> 1 kilogram (kg) = 1000 grams (g)</div> <div> 1 kilogram (kg) = 2.20 pounds (lb)</div> <div> 1 pound (lb) = 454 grams (g)</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 56 ><NOBR><div> <B>Temperature</b></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="440"><div> 0<FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >F = 1.8 </FONT>0<FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >C + 32</FONT></div> <div> 0<FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >C = (</FONT>0<FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >F-32)/1.8</FONT></div> <div> K = <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Bookshelf Symbol 1" >0</FONT>C + 273</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 38 WIDTH="112"><div> <B>Gases</b></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="440"><div> 1 atm = 760 mm Hg</div> <div> 1 mole (STP) = 22.4 L</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 75 WIDTH="112"><div> <B>H</b><B>2</b><B>O</b></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="440"><div> density = 1.00 g/l mL</div> <div> melt = 80 cal/g</div> <div> boil = 540 cal/g</div> <div> SH = 1 cal/g C</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 38 WIDTH="112"><div> <B>Energy</b></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="440"><div> 1 Cal = 1 kcal = 1000 cal</div> <div> 1 calorie (cal) = 4.18 joules (J)</div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <bR> <div> <TABLE BORDER="5" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="576" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#FFCC80" BORDERCOLORDARK="#FFCC80" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 HEIGHT= 20 WIDTH="554"><div> <B>METRIC CONVERSION FACTORS</b></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 20 ><NOBR><div> <B>Metric Relationship (Equality)</b></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="308"><div> <B>Conversion Factors</b></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 HEIGHT= 20 WIDTH="554"><div> <B>Length</b></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 38 WIDTH="243"><div> 1 m = 1,000 mm</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> <U>     1m      </U>     and      <U>  1000 mm  </U></div> <div> 1000 mm                        1m</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 38 WIDTH="243"><div> 1 cm = 10 mm</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> <U>     1cm     </U>    and       <U>  10 mm  </U></div> <div>   10 mm                         1cm</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 HEIGHT= 20 WIDTH="554"><div> <B>Volume</b></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 38 WIDTH="243"><div> 1 L = 1,000 mL</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> <U>      1L     </U>      and      <U>  1000 mL  </U></div> <div> 1000 mL                         1L</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 38 WIDTH="243"><div> 1 dL = 100 mL</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> <U>     1dL      </U>    and     <U>  1000 mL  </U></div> <div>   100 mL                       1dL</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 HEIGHT= 20 WIDTH="554"><div> <B>Mass</b></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 38 WIDTH="243"><div> 1 kg = 1,000 g</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> <U>     1kg      </U>    and      <U>  1000 g  </U></div> <div>   1000 g                        1kg</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 38 WIDTH="243"><div> 1 g = 1,000 mg</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> <U>     1g      </U>      and      <U>  1000 mg  </U></div> <div> 1000 mg                        1g</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <bR> <div> <TABLE BORDER="5" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="576" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#FFCC80" BORDERCOLORDARK="#FFCC80" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 HEIGHT= 20 ><NOBR><div> <B>METRIC-U.S. RELATIONSHIPS & CONVERSION FACTORS</b></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 20 WIDTH="243"><div> <B>Relationship</b></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="308"><div> <B>Conversion Factors</b></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 HEIGHT= 20 WIDTH="554"><div> <B>Length</b></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 38 WIDTH="243"><div> 2.54 cm = 1 in.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> <U>    2.54 cm    </U>    and      <U>     1 in.    </U></div> <div>        1 in.                          2.54 cm</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 38 WIDTH="243"><div> 1 m = 39.4 in.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> <U>     1m     </U>          and       <U>  39.4 in.  </U></div> <div>   39.4 in.                             1m</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 HEIGHT= 20 WIDTH="554"><div> <B>Volume</b></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 38 WIDTH="243"><div> 946 mL = 1 qt.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> <U>     946 mL    </U>   and       <U>    _1 qt.  _ </U></div> <div>         1 qt.                           946 mL</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 38 WIDTH="243"><div> 1 L = 1.06 qt.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> <U>      1L      </U>         and       <U>   1.06 qt.   </U></div> <div>   1.06 qt.                               1L</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 HEIGHT= 20 WIDTH="554"><div> <B>Mass</b></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 38 WIDTH="243"><div> 454 g = 1 lb.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> <U>    454 g     </U>      and       <U>   _1 lb.    </U></div> <div>       1 lb.                             454 g</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 38 WIDTH="243"><div> 1 kg = 2.20 lb.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> <U>      1 kg      </U>     and       <U>   2.20 lb.   </U></div> <div>     2.20 lb                            1 kg</div> </NOBR></tD> 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